This study aims to examine Türkiye’s competitiveness in international foreign trade within a comparative framework with European Union countries. The Balassa index, which is widely used to determine revealed comparative advantages based on trade flows, was utilized in the analysis process. The study consists of two main parts. The first part comprehensively addresses the theoretical framework of foreign trade and competition, while the second part presents empirical findings on competitiveness at the sectoral level. The findings cover a wide range of sectors, including agriculture, manufacturing, energy, textiles, and machinery. In this context, the study aims to contribute to the literature by evaluating Türkiye’s competitive position within the global trade system from a multi-dimensional perspective.