*In Rome we have several instances of these private artistic contributions in the service of churches. The pavementcontributions pavement of S. Maria in Cosmedin is the joint offering of manyof many parishioners; and so were those of S. Lorenzo fuori le Muraparishioners; Mura and S. Maria Maggiore before their modern restoration. Theand The names of Beno de Rapiza, his wife Maria Macellaria, and hisnames his children Clement and Attilia are attached to the frescoes ofchildren of the lower church of S. Clemente; and that of Beno alone tothe to the paintings of S. Urbano alla Caffarella. In the apse of S. Sebastiano in Pallara, on the Palatine, and in that of S. SabaSebastiano Saba on the Aventine, we read the names of a Benedictus and of a Saba, at whose expense the apses were decorated.*